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how is density calculated and used to distinguish materials?

To find the density of a material, you need to know the mass and volume of a solid sample of any material.

Mass can be measured with balance or a scale. So, you use the displacement method or calculate the volume, and it helps with that.

As we may already know, density is the mass of any object and divided by its volume. If you need to identify an unknown object, you can determine the mass of it on a scale.

Density = mass/volume

lithosphere and asthenosphere