Explain the effects of nh3 and hcl on the cuso4 solution in terms of le chatelier's principle

The Principle of Le Chatelier states that if a system in equilibrium is subjected to a disturbance, the system will react in such a way that it will diminish the effect of that disturbance. Thus, when the concentration of one of the substances in an equilibrium system is changed, the equilibrium varies in such a way that it can compensate for this change.

For example, if the concentration of one of the reactants is increased, the equilibrium shifts to the right or to the side of the products. Also, if you add more reagents, the reaction will move even more to the right until the balance is re-established again, increasing the quantity of products.

In this way, adding HCl to a solution of CuSO4 will produce the following reaction:

CuSO4 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) ⇔ CuCl2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq)

Initially the solution of CuSO4 in water will be blue, but when adding HCl the solution will change color to green, since the aqueous solutions of CuCl2 are green. By adding more HCl this color will intensify as the balance shifts to the right, producing more CuCl2 and H2SO4.

On the other hand, adding NH3 to a solution of CuSO4 will produce the following reaction

CuSO4 (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) ⇔ [Cu(NH3)4] SO4 (s)

Thus, by adding NH3 to the CuSO4 solution we will observe the formation of a precipitate corresponding to [Cu(NH3) 4] SO4. When adding more NH3, the formation of more precipitate will be observed as the equilibrium moves to the right, producing a greater quantity of [Cu (NH3) 4] SO4.

water   molecules stay close to each other through cohesion, the collective action of hydrogen bonds between water molecules. cohesion plants draw water upwards from the root through the stem's transport tubes (xylem) to the leaf. this transport occurs even in large trees and against gravity. transpiration, evaporation of water from plant leaves, creates a tension on water molecules being pulled up from the stem and roots.

water also has high (the attraction of one substance to another) properties because of its polar nature. adhesion of water molecules to plant cell walls counteract gravity while water is transported from roots to leaves.

water exhibits a very high surface tension when compared to other liquids. surface tension is a property of a liquid that holds the surface together and allows it to resist an external force. by capillary action, the water forms concave menisci inside the pores. the high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water from the roots to the leaves of plants.

thus, cohesion, along with adhesion and surface tension creates a capillary action that keeps water molecules interacting and moving through the plants out to the leaf cells.

therefore, option d) is the correct answer.

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