15.00 grams of chromium react with 15.00 grams of hydrobromic acid. calculate the theoretical yield of the reaction. at stp what volume would the gas occupy? if the actual yield is 15.35g chromium(iii) bromide, calculate the percent yield of the reaction.

(a) 18.03 g

(b) 2.105 L

(c) 85.15 %

Step-by-step explanation:

We have the masses of two reactants, so this is a limiting reactant problem.  

We know that we will need a balanced equation with masses, moles, and molar masses of the compounds involved.  

Step 1. Gather all the information in one place with molar masses above the formulas and masses below them.  

M_r:        52.00   80.91       291.71

                2Cr  +  6HBr ⟶ 2CrBr₃ + 3H₂

Mass/g:  15.00    15.00  

Step 2. Calculate the moles of each reactant  

  Moles of Cr = 15.00 × 1/52.00

  Moles of Cr = 0.2885 mol Cr

Moles of HBr = 15.00 × 1/80.91

Moles of HBr = 0.1854 mol HBr ×  

Step 3. Identify the limiting reactant  

Calculate the moles of CrCl₃ we can obtain from each reactant.  

From Cr:

The molar ratio of CrBr₃:Cr is 2 mol CrBr₃:2 mol Cr

Moles of CrBr₃ = 0.2885 × 2/2

Moles of CrBr₃ = 0.2885 mol CrCl₃

From HBr:

The molar ratio of CrBr₃:HBr is 2 mol CrBr₃:6 mol HBr.

Moles of CrBr₃ = 0.1854 × 2/6

Moles of CrBr₃ = 0.061 80 mol CrBr₃

The limiting reactant is HBr because it gives the smaller amount of CrBr₃.

Step 4. Calculate the theoretical yields of CrBr₃ and H₂.

Theoretical yield of CrBr₃ = 0.061 80 × 291.71/1

Theoretical yield of CrBr₃ = 18.03 g CrCl₃

The molar ratio is 3 mol H₂:6 mol HBr

   Theoretical yield of H₂ = 0.1854 × 3/6

   Theoretical yield of H₂ = 0.092 70 mol H₂

Step 5. Calculate the volume of H₂ at STP

STP is 1 bar and 0 °C.

The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.71 L.

Volume = 0.092 70 × 22.71/1

Volume = 2.105 L

Step 6. Calculate the percent yield

       % Yield = actual yield/theoretical yield × 100 %

Actual yield = 15.35 g

       % yield = 15.35/18.03 × 100

       % yield = 85.15 %

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.