Covalent solutes are considered non-electrolytes. what does this mean for the conductivity of the solution?

The conductivity of the solution is very low or near zero

Explanation:

Covalent compounds do not have free electrons and do not dissociate into ions. Ions are the charge carriers in solution and are responsible for the conductivity of electrolyte solutions. Non-electrolytes do not dissociate into ions hence they do not conduct electricity in solution. The conductivity is very low due to the absence of ions making the solution unable to conduct electricity.

b) mutualism

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c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.