What is the process called when a solid turns to a gas

Iknow #2 is d. i just need to know why

Ageologist determines that a sample of a mineral can't be scratched by a steel nail but can be scratched by a masonry drill bit. based on this information, the sample mineral has to be softer than a. orthoclase. b. fluorite. c. apatite. d. corundum.

How does the value of the equilibrium constant show that a reaction reaches equilibrium very quickly? (a) the equilibrium constant is large. (b) the equilibrium constant is small. (c) the equilibrium constant is zero. (d) the value of the equilibrium constant does not show how quickly a reaction comes to equilibrium.