Write a balanced equation describing each of the following chemical reactions. (a) solid potassium chlorate, kclo3, decomposes to form solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. (b) solid aluminum metal reacts with solid diatomic iodine to form solid al2i6. (c) when solid sodium chloride is added to aqueous sulfuric acid, hydrogen chloride gas and aqueous sodium sulfate are produced. (d) aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide react to produce aqueous potassium dihydrogen phosphate and liquid wat

a) 2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂

b) 2Al + 3I₂ → Al₂I₆

c) 2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

d) H₃PO₄ + KOH → KH₂PO₄ + H₂O

Explanation:

a) KClO₃ → KCl + O₂

At first both K and Cl are balanced, so we balance O. In order to balance O we put a coefficient of 2 in KClO₃  and a coefficient of 3 in O₂:

2KClO₃ → KCl + 3O₂

Now we need to balance K and Cl, so we put a coefficient of two in KCl:

2KClO₃ → 2KCl + 3O₂

b) Al + I₂ → Al₂I₆

There are two Al atoms in the right side, so we write a coefficient of two in the left side. To balance I we write a coefficien of 3 in the left side:

2Al + 3I₂ → Al₂I₆

c) NaCl + H₂SO₄ → HCl + Na₂SO₄

We begin by balancing Na:

2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → HCl + Na₂SO₄

Then we balance Cl:

2NaCl + H₂SO₄ → 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

The equation is now balanced.

d) H₃PO₄ + KOH → KH₂PO₄ + H₂O

As is, the equation is already balanced.