Why is it harder to remove an electron from fluorine than from carbon, or, to put it another way, why are the valence electrons of fluorine more strongly bound than those of carbon?

What is impossible to do with a hypothesis

If a solution is considered basic, then a) the hydroxide ion and hydronium ion concentrations are equal. b) the hydroxide ion concentration is less than the hydronium ion concentration. c) the hydronium ion concentration is greater than the hydroxide ion concentration. d) the hydroxide ion concentration is greater than the hydronium ion concentration.

Compare the equilibrium constants for the systems shown in the table. which favors products the most? which favors products the least? rank these systems in order from most to least in terms of favoring products rather than reactants. d > b > a > c c > a > b > d b > c > d > a a > d > c > b