What distance does electromagnetic radiation travel in 33 fs?

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

In the particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. a)a crystalline liquid b)a crystalline solid c)all gases d)all solids

How are isotopes of the same chemical element alike? how are they different?