What is the ecell° for the following cells? a. al|al³⁺ || au³⁺|au b. zn|zn²⁺ || hg²⁺|hg c. li|li⁺ || ni²⁺|ni

Answers:

(a) +3.160 V; (b) +1.613 V; (c) +2.783 V

Explanation:

We must look up the standard reduction potentials for the half-reactions.

The half-reaction on the left-hand side of the cell diagram is an oxidation, so we reverse the sign of E°, and then add the two half-reactions and their E° values.

(a)

Al ⟶ Al³⁺ + 3e⁻;            +1.662 V

Au³⁺ + 3e⁻ ⟶ Au;         +1.498 V  

Al + Au³⁺ ⟶ Al³⁺ + Au; +3.160 V

(b)

Zn ⟶ Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻;           +0.762 V

Hg²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⟶ Hg;          +0.851 V

Zn + Hg²⁺ ⟶ Zn²⁺ + Hg; +1.613 V

(c)

2×[Li ⟶ Li⁺ + e⁻];          +3.040 V

1×[Ni²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⟶ Ni];      -0.257 V

2Li + Ni²⁺ ⟶ 2Li⁺ + Ni; +2.783 V

vanderwaal's forces of attraction are the electrostatic intermolecular forces that exist in a molecule due to the temporary or permanent dipoles that are developed in a molecule. in , the major intermolecular forces are dipole-dipole interactions as the molecule is polar (bent structure). so the vanderwaal's forces of interaction in between molecules are the permanent dipole-dipole interactions that develop due to the dipole that exists in between the polar h - s bond. the positively charged hydrogen atom is attracted towards the negative end of the dipole that is sulfur of the adjacent molecule. therefore, these forces of attraction are relatively stronger than that of london dispersion forces that exist in non polar molecules.

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