What is the name for temperature changes which involve no heat transfer?

Adiabatic.

In thermodynamic chemistry, an adiabatic process is defined as the process in which there is no transfer of heat and mass takes place between system and surroundings. The energy will transfer only in the form of work. The condition is expressed as q=0, which means no heat is transferred. It has various applications in the study of thermodynamics reactions.

i believe you are right for all except the 3rd ( look at sqdancefan his answer is much better)

the ideal gas law equation is as follows

pv = nrt

where p - pressure

v - volume

n - number of moles

r - universal gas constant

t - temperature

so if the pressure, volume and temperature are already known

we are left with n and r

since r is the universal gas constant that has a known fixed value then r too is known

so we are left with 'n'

once we know temperature volume and pressure

we can find the number of moles of gas present using the ideal gas law equation

this is not my own answer, this is an answer for the same question by the user blahblahmali. i do not claim ownership of this account.