Due to shape and polarity differences, the boiling point of carbon dioxide dioxide is water. a. lower than b. much higher than c. equal to d. slightly higher than

A. lower than

Explanation:

Carbondioxide has a lower boiling point compared to that of water.

The interatomic bond in CO₂ is a non-polar covalent bond in which both carbon and oxygen atoms shares the donated electrons equally. CO₂ is a linear compound with the bond angle being 180°. This makes the bonds symmetrically arranged and the dipoles in one direction cancelling out the one in the opposite direction and results in a net dipole that is zero. This also results in the London Dispersion Forces between the molecules of CO₂. London dispersion forces are weak forces of attraction in which the constant motion of electrons in non-polar compounds induces an instant charge seperation.

In water molecules, the interatomic bond is polar covalent bond and the bond angle is bent or v-shaped. The atoms are assymetrical to one another and there is a net positive charge on the hydrogen atom and a negative charge on the more electronegative oxygen. The intermolecular bond between water molecules are hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are special dipole-dipole attraction in which a hydrogen atom is directly joined to a highly electronegative atom. This hydrogen bonding results in more effective binding of water molecules and it reflects in their physical properties such as a high boiling point.

conduction is the transfer of thermal energy (heat in transfer) due to collisions between the molecules in the object. collisions between adjacent atoms and molecules transfer kinetic energy from the warmer to the cooler object. the objects must be in physical contact.