According to a 1997 virginia pilot article, david merrell, a sixteen-year-old from suffolk, virginia, won state science-fair honors for his project in which he studied how different types of music affect the performance of mice. the subjects in merrell's project were 72 white mice, and to ensure scientific validity, each white mouse weighed between 15 and 20 grams, was 4 to 6 weeks old, and was bred to ensure no genetic abnormalities existed. during the first week of the project merrell put each mouse through a maze 3 times and established a baseline average time of about 10 minutes to complete the maze. he then randomly divided them into three music groups of 24 mice: the hard-rock group, the mozart group, and a control group. for the next 3 weeks he piped in music 10 hours/day to the hard-rock and mozart groups. the control group heard no music. he recorded the effect of the music on the completion times for the maze. merrell found that the 24 mice in the control-group managed to cut (on average) about 5 minutes from their maze-completion time, the mice in the mozart-listening group cut their time back (on average) 8-and-a-half minutes, but the mice in the hard-rock group added (on average) 20 minutes to their time. based on merrell's study, can we have confidence that type of music has a causal effect on the length of time it takes a mouse to complete a maze?

Jameson manages a well-known cell phone company. this company has been voted as having the best cell-phone service. consumers appreciate the fact that they can call from almost anywhere in the world and the service still gets through. jameson knows that the company's product far surpasses that of the competition. one thing has been bothering him, though. in order to put so many resources into ensuring the best service, jameson has cut back on employees at the firm's customer call center. recently, consumers have begun complaining about long wait times when they call in with a problem or concern. although its cell phone service is still considered one of the best, customer satisfaction with the firm's customer service has plummeted. jameson does not understand why consumers are getting so upset. he believes the exceptional cell phone service more than makes up for long waiting periods and other issues with its customer service. "after all," he says, "they can't have it all. if i invest more in customer service, that means less investment on ensuring the quality of our product offering."refer to scenario. jameson has asked you, a marketing consultant, to give him advice. he cannot understand how a cell-phone company with the best product offering in the cell-phone service industry could get such low satisfaction ratings simply because the customer service is not up to par. you suggest that jameson has a narrowly defined view of the company's product offering. you tell jameson that successful marketers should define their products as what they

Oliver's company is planning the launch of their hybrid cars. the company has included "never-before-seen" product benefits in the hybrid cars. which type of advertising should oliver's company use for the new cars?

Agovernment receives a gift of cash and investments with a fair value of $200,000. the donor specified that the earnings from the gift must be used to beautify city-owned parks and the principal must be re-invested. the $200,000 gift should be accounted for in which of the following funds? a) general fund b) private-purpose trust fund c) agency fund d) permanent fund