Gerald believes that most of his subordinates dislike work and would avoid it if possible. he also believes that his employees have little, if any, ambition, and that the only way to motivate them is by using threats and punishment. gerald's views are consistent with management.

1) the stages a new product goes through from beginning to end, i.e., the stages that a product passes through from introduction through growth, maturity, and decline. 2) the time from initial research and development to the time at which sales and support of the product to customers are withdrawn. 3) the period of time during which a product can be produced and marketed profitably.

                                          hope it