Ainsley is a student at state university working toward a bachelor's degree in finance. in order to gain some work experience and increase her marketability, she has accepted a summer internship in the finance department at a pharmaceutical company. she is quite with the pay; $15 an hour is more than other students in her cohort were receiving for their summer internships. at work she meets josh, a recent graduate of state university working as a middle manager in the same finance department. josh makes $30 an hour. on the job, ainsley could be described as a go-getter. she's engaged and satisfied, and always seems willing to others. josh is quite the opposite. he often seems disinterested in his job and even has thoughts about quitting. when pressed one day about why he is unhappy, josh cites his pay as the main reason. specifically, he tells ainsley that, compared to managers at other pharmaceutical companies, he makes much less. "it isn't fair," he complains. "i work just as hard as they do, yet i don't make as much. maybe i should go work for the competition." how could someone making $30 an hour be less satisfied with his pay than someone making $15 an hour and be less motivated as a result?