Ivan, an industrial engineering student, is working on a homework problem for engineering economy. he needs to calculate the pw at 12 % of a cash flow series with $1,000 at t = 3, $1,500 at t = 4, and $2,000 at t = 5.

By changing its recipe, a smoothie chain is reacting to a change in the environment. while it is important to be able to quickly adapt, it is also important to take a proactive approach to changes in the marketing environment. implementing a proactive approach requires constantly scanning and analyzing the environment so that changes do not come as a surprise. the statements below are findings from environmental scanning and analysis. select the marketing environment force that best describes each of the statements listed.