Price wars among firms Multiple Choice tend to reduce short-run price stickiness because firms know they can lower their own prices without rival firms lowering their prices. occur when one firm lowers its price and rival firms react by lowering their prices. occur when firms use advertising to take customers away from rival firms. have no effect on the degree of short-run price stickiness.

David and darlene jasper have one child, sam, who is 6 years old (birthdate july 1, 2011). the jaspers reside at 4639 honeysuckle lane, los angeles, ca 90248. david's social security number is 577-11-3311, darlene's is 477-98-4731, and sam's is 589-22-1142. david's birthdate is may 29, 1984 and darlene's birthday is january 31, 1986. david and darlene's earnings and withholdings for 2017 are:

How do primary and secondary industries differ

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine