utilitarianism urges managers to take those actions that provide the greatest pleasure after having subtracted the pain or harm associated with the action in question.

Logan is an employee who processes health insurance forms. initially he was criticized by his supervisor for sloppy work, but thereafter he improved considerably. now he consistently processes his forms without errors and even does more than his fair share of work. however, logan's supervisor has not responded to the extra effort he has put in, giving him no praise or monetary benefits. this leads logan to believe that his supervisor is biased against him. according to the expectancy theory, in this situation, there is a problem in the relationship. a) rewards-personal goals b) performance-awarenessc) performance-rewardd) performance-objectivese) performance-achievement