Which of the following are major challenges faced by managements in the collective bargaining process? (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. Lack of productive communication between formal negotiating periods of contracts adversely affects the need for flexibility and involvement. The use of integrative or win–win bargaining by unionized employees and management removes the element of competition from the bargaining process. The business need for flexibility clashes with short, less detailed contracts that reduces objectivity of work rules. The business need for cooperation and employee involvement conflicts with the traditionally adversarial bargaining process.

As he explores his options, sergio notices that some opportunities appear to be riskier than others. when considering various opportunities, sergio should keep in mind that:

Ajustification for job training programs is that they improve worker productivity. suppose that you are asked to evaluate whether more job training makes workers more productive. however, rather than having data on individual workers, you have access to data on manufacturing firms in ohio. in particu- lar, for each firm, you have information on hours of job training per worker (training) and number of nondefective items produced per worker hour (output). (i) carefully state the ceteris paribus thought experiment underlying this policy question. (ii) does it seem likely that a firm’s decision to train its workers will be independent of worker characteristics? what are some of those measurable and unmeasurable worker characteristics? (iii) name a factor other than worker characteristics that can affect worker productivity. (iv) if you find a positive correlation between output and training, would you have convincingly established that job training makes workers more productive? explain.

Financial information that is capable of making a difference in a decision is