In his book Freakonomics, economist Steven Levitt argues that students' scores on standardized tests in certain school districts were rising because their teachers were cheating by changing students' incorrect answers to the correct answers. Into which category does Levitt's causal argument fall

Diggity dank corporation uses an activity-based costing system with two activity cost pools. diggity dank uses direct labor hours as the measure of activity in the first activity cost pool and the number of orders in the second activity cost pool. the following information relates to these two activity cost pools for last year: what was diggity dank's under- or overapplied overhead for last year? a. $17,000 overapplied b. $20,000 underapplied c. $27,000 underapplied d. $73,000 overapplied

Michigan mattress company is considering the purchase of land and the construction of a new plant. the land, which would be bought immediately (at t = 0), has a cost of $100,000 and the building, which would be erected at the end of the first year (t = 1), would cost $500,000. it is estimated that the firm's afterminustax cash flow will increase by $100,000 starting at the end of the second year, and that this incremental flow would increase at a 10 percent rate annually over the next 10 years. what is the approximate payback period?

James jones is the owner of a small retail business operated as a sole proprietorship. during 2017, his business recorded the following items of income and expense: revenue from inventory sales $ 147,000 cost of goods sold 33,500 business license tax 2,400 rent on retail space 42,000 supplies 15,000 wages paid to employees 22,000 payroll taxes 1,700 utilities 3,600 compute taxable income attributable to the sole proprietorship by completing schedule c to be included in james’s 2017 form 1040. compute self-employment tax payable on the earnings of james’s sole proprietorship by completing a 2017 schedule se, form 1040. assume your answers to parts a and b are the same for 2018. further assume that james's business is not a service business, and that it has $155,000 unadjusted basis in tangible depreciable property. calculate james's 2018 section 199a deduction.