Personal communication systems such as personal networks and grapevines: Spread information hierarchically throughout the organization, from boss to employee and from employee to boss, for example. Contain less accurate information than other organizational communication systems. Contain only a small amount of organizational communications. Spread more information across organizations than formal communication channels such as downward communications.

The company is experiencing an increase in competition, and at the same time they are building more production facilities in southeast asia. in this scenario, the top management team is most likely to multiple choice increase the cost of their products. restructure to reflect a more bureaucratic, stable organization. pull decision-making responsibility from low-level management, taking it on themselves. give lower-level managers the authority to make decisions to benefit the firm. rid themselves of all buffering product.