In the U. S. we fully expense in our financial statements research and development outlays as they are incurred (not necessarily the case for international financial statements). This can be seen as an example of:

Noise being introduced into financial statements via rigid accounting rules

Explanation:

Noise being introduced into financial statements via rigid accounting rules.

The international financial statements doesn't am expense research and development as they occur

answer; ///i believe that the correct answer is (d) ///all of the

being born in poverty would limit the people's chances, opportunities and benefits.

this happen because of several things, such as:

- poor people tend to gain less access to good education and nutrition. this mean that their chance to obtain high paying jobs would also be limited.

- poor people tend to socialize with other poor people while the rich tend to socialize with other rich people. this means that simply throguh their social circle, rich people would have more business opportunities compared to the poor people.

- rich people tend to have more capital in their disposal. this would benefit them in business since it is far easier for them to fund their business operation compared to poor people.