Michael works as a sales representative for an oilfield supply business in West Texas. He sells highly technical safety equipment to his customers. Michael visits his customers on a regular basis to provide information about new products and to solve technical problems that may arise as his clients use the equipment. For Michael, personal selling works better than other forms of promotion because of .

You wish to retire in 13 years, at which time you want to have accumulated enough money to receive an annual annuity of $23,000 for 18 years after retirement. during the period before retirement you can earn 9 percent annually, while after retirement you can earn 11 percent on your money. what annual contributions to the retirement fund will allow you to receive the $23,000 annuity? use appendix c and appendix d for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods.