The top management team of BonusOne Bank formulates a new set of strategic plans for the next financial year and conveys it to the middle and lower-level managers. In the context of communication channels, the given scenario illustrates ___.

Which of the following statements is true of the balanced-scorecard? a. it is a more or less a one-dimensional metric of measuring competitive advantages of a firm. b. it is one of the traditional approaches of measuring firm performance. c. its primary focus is to base a firm's strategic goals entirely on external performance dimensions. d. it attempts to provide a holistic perspective on firm performance.