Can you breifly explain why stockholders' investment and revenues increase stockholders' equity, while dividends and expenses decrease stockholders' equity.

From an accounting standpoint, stockholders' investment and revenues increase the assets of the company without adding to the liabilities. Therefore according to the equation (A = L + E), equity must increase.

Similarly, issuing dividends and paying expenses pays cash out of the company, which decreases assets without changing liabilities. Therefore equity must decrease.

Another way to think of it is: what contributes to the company's profit and/or value, and what decreases these things? Well, revenues and people investing in the company are good (and therefore good for stockholders), and giving cash out and paying expenses are costs to the company (and therefore decrease value for stockholders).

6x 2.54 is 15.24, answer is c

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.