Most successful organizations minimize the need for explicit rules, regulations, and other boundaries by

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

U.s. internet advertising revenue grew at the rate of r(t) = 0.82t + 1.14 (0 ≤ t ≤ 4) billion dollars/year between 2002 (t = 0) and 2006 (t = 4). the advertising revenue in 2002 was $5.9 billion.† (a) find an expression f(t) giving the advertising revenue in year t.

Which of the following is an example of a production quota? a. the government sets an upper limit on the quantity that each dairy farmer can produce. b. the government sets a price floor in the market for dairy products. c. the government sets a lower limit on the quantity that each dairy farmer can produce. d. the government guarantees to buy a specified quantity of dairy products from farmers.