A graphical view of balanced-budget fiscal policy Suppose the government enacts a "balanced budget" change in fiscal policy by increasing spending and raising taxes. Assume the tax increase affects both consumption and production spending. Use the slides in following exhibit to preview potential effects of this policy on aggregate supply (AS), aggregate demand (AD), and the market equilibrium (E) when the initial curves and equilibrium are given by AS1, AD1, and E1, respectively. Initial View View 1 View 2 View 3View View 5 PRICE LEVEL REAL GDP AD 1 AS 1 E 1 The total effect of the change in spending and taxation is best represented by . True or False: According to the principle of Ricardian equivalence, the effect of increased government spending on aggregate demand would be smaller if it were financed through borrowing instead of taxation. True False

Costco wholesale corporation operates membership warehouses selling food, appliances, consumer electronics, apparel and other household goods at 471 locations across the u.s. as well as in canada, mexico and puerto rico. as of its fiscal year-end 2005, costco had approximately 21.2 million members. selected fiscal-year information from the company's balance sheets follows. ($ millions). selected balance sheet data 2005 2004 merchandise inventories $4,015 $3,644 deferred membership income (liability) 501 454 (a) during fiscal 2005, costco collected $1,120 cash for membership fees. use the financial statement effectstemplate to record the cash collected for membership fees. (b) in 2005, costco recorded $46,347 million in merchandise costs (that is, cost of goods sold). record thistransaction in the financial statement effects template. (c) determine the value of merchandise that costco purchased during fiscal-year 2005. use the financial statementeffects template to record these merchandise purchases. assume all of costco's purchases are on credit.