Is income salary? or is it the *take home pay* after tax deductions are made? and if it is the second one, then is income the same as *net monthly salary?*​

What is the most direct result of free trade supplying productive resources to areas where they're most needed? a. enhanced efficiency b. lower interest rates c. increasing specialization d. greater competition 2b2t

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

Power plants that rely on coal increase the amount of sulfur dioxide that dissolves into the air, eventually increasing the acidity of precipitation. the higher acidity of rain and snow can damage forests by making it more difficult for plants to absorb minerals from the soil. the equations below provide information about the market demand and supply of electricity. there is a constant marginal external cost of $25 per unit of electricity.d: qd= 200 – 2ps: qs=p – 10what quantity of electricity satisfies allocative efficiency in this market? a. 60b. 70c. 50d. 43.3