In 2017, Congress passed a bill that affects the tax rates of individuals and businesses between the years 2018 through 2025. It's called the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA. People often refer to the law as tax reform. One change is the standard deduction increased from $6350 to $12,000 for single filers, from $9350 to $18,000 for heads of households, and from $12,700 to $24,000 for married couples filing a joint return. Deductions for personal and dependent exemptions, which allowed taxpayers to deduct $4050 each for themselves, their spouses, and any dependents, were eliminated completely.

Research online another way the law changed taxes. Use the search terms "2017 tax reform major changes." Use the information about standard deductions and your research to respond to the following prompts.

What impact will the change in standard deductions have on a taxpayer? Use mathematical reasoning as part of your response.

How will the change in standard deductions affect families differently than single taxpayers?

Identify one other change in the tax law.

What effect will this change have on the average taxpayer?

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Jenny​ walters, who owns a real estate​ agency, bought an old house to use as her business office. she found that the ceiling was poorly insulated and that the heat loss could be cut significantly if six inches of foam insulation were installed. she estimated that with the​ insulation, she could cut the heating bill by​ $80 per month and the​ air-conditioning cost by​ $70 per month. assuming that the summer season is three months​ (june, july, and​ august) of the year and that the winter season is another three months​ (december, january, and​ february) of the​ year, how much can jenny spend on insulation if she expects to keep the property for five​ years? assume that neither heating nor​ air-conditioning would be required during the fall and spring seasons. if she decides to install the​ insulation, it will be done at the beginning of may.​ jenny's interest rate is​ 6% compounded monthly.

The unadjusted trial balance of the manufacturing equitable at december 31, 2018, the end of its fiscal year, included the following account balances. manufacturing’s 2018 financial statements were issued on april 1, 2019. accounts receivable $ 114,250 accounts payable 53,600 bank notes payable 670,000 mortgage note payable 1,270,000 other information: the bank notes, issued august 1, 2018, are due on july 31, 2019, and pay interest at a rate of 12%, payable at maturity. the mortgage note is due on march 1, 2019. interest at 11% has been paid up to december 31 (assume 11% is a realistic rate). manufacturing intended at december 31, 2018, to refinance the note on its due date with a new 10-year mortgage note. in fact, on march 1, manufacturing paid $263,000 in cash on the principal balance and refinanced the remaining $1,007,000. included in the accounts receivable balance at december 31, 2018, were two subsidiary accounts that had been overpaid and had credit balances totaling $19,650. the accounts were of two major customers who were expected to order more merchandise from manufacturing and apply the overpayments to those future purchases. on november 1, 2018, manufacturing rented a portion of its factory to a tenant for $32,400 per year, payable in advance. the payment for the 12 months ended october 31, 2019, was received as required and was credited to rent revenue. required: (1) prepare any necessary adjusting journal entries at december 31, 2018, pertaining to each item of other information (2) prepare the current and long-term liability sections of the december 31, 2018, balance sheet. balance sheet (partial) at december 31, 2018 current liabilities: total current liabilities long-term liabilities: