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Each of the following scenarios is based on facts in anactual fraud. categorize each scenario as primarily indicating (1) anincentive to commit fraud, (2) an opportunity to commit fraud, or(3) a rationalization for committing fraud. also state your reasoningfor each scenario.a. there was intense pressure to keep the corporation ' stock from declining further. this pressure came from investors, analysts,and the ceo, whose financial well-being was significantly dependent on the corporation ' s stock price.b. a group of top-level management was compensated (mostly in the form of stock-options) well in excess of what would be considered normal for their positions in this industry.c. top management of the company closely guards internal financial information, to the extent that even some employees on a “need-to-know basis” are denied full access.d. managing specific financial ratios is very important to the company, and both management and analysts are keenly observant of variability in key ratios. key ratios for the company changed very little even though the ratios for the overall industry were quite volatile during the time period.e. in an effort to reduce certain accrued expenses to meet budget targets, the cfo directs the general accounting department to reallocate a division’s expenses by a significant amount. the general accounting department refuses to acquiesce to the request, but the journal entry is made trough the corporate office. an accountant in the general accounting department is uncomfortable with the journal entries required to reallocate divisional expenses. he brings his concerns to the cfo, who assures him that everything will be fine and that the entries are necessary. the accountant considers resigning, but he does not have another job lined up and is worried about supporting his family. therefore, he never voices his concerns to either the internal or external auditors.f. accounting records were either nonexistent or in a state of such disorganization that significant effort was required to locate or compile them.

Self-interest achieve society’s economic goals because producers know which goods consumers want the most. as consumers and producers exercise their freedom to act in their own self-interest, markets will produce the desired goods at the lowest possible cost. consumers and producers both operate based on society’s economic goals. consumers know which goods can be produced at the lowest cost. there is a wide variety of desired goods and services in a market system because producers determine what to produce. consumers change their minds frequently. there is always a need to produce something new and improved. individual wants are diverse. what is produced is ultimately determined by consumers, because if the goods offered are not what consumers want, consumers will not buy them. producers, because they are driven by profits. producers, because they determine what to produce. consumers, because they participate in marketing surveys.

At the end of the fiscal year, apha airlines has an outstanding non-cancellable purchase commitment for the purchase of 1 million gallons of jet fuel at a price of $4.10 per gallon for delivery during the coming summer. the company prices its inventory at the lower of cost or market. if the market price for jet fuel at the end of the year is $4.50, how would this situation be reflected in the annual financial statements?