15. Ritter's study of Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) showed that the post offering stock performance was: A. less than the control group by about 2% in the five years following the IPO. B. incorrectly priced at issuance because over the next five years the abnormal returns were greater than zero on average. C. immaterial to the pricing of the IPO because future market performance is unknown at issuance. D. equal across IPOs, irrespective of risk or which year they were issued. E. All of these.

Which is cheaper: eating out or dining in? the mean cost of a flank steak, broccoli, and rice bought at the grocery store is $13.04 (money.msn website, november 7, 2012). a sample of 100 neighborhood restaurants showed a mean price of $12.75 and a standard deviation of $2 for a comparable restaurant meal. a. develop appropriate hypotheses for a test to determine whether the sample data support the conclusion that the mean cost of a restaurant meal is less than fixing a comparable meal at home. b. using the sample from the 100 restaurants, what is the p-value? c. at a = .05, what is your conclusion? d. repeat the preceding hypothesis test using the critical value approach