A passenger on a cruise ship was injured by a rope thrown while the ship was docking. The passenger was sitting on a lounge chair on the third deck when she was struck by the weighted end of a rope thrown by an employee of Port Everglades, where the boat was docking. These ropes, or heaving lines, were being thrown from the dock to the second deck, and the passenger was injured by a line that was thrown too high. The trial court granted the cruise line’s motion for directed verdict on the ground there was no evidence that the cruise line knew or should have known of the danger. The cruise line contended that it had no notice that this "freak accident" could occur. What is the duty of a cruise ship line to its passengers? Is there liability here? Does it matter that an employee of the port city, not the cruise lines, caused the injury? Should the passenger be able to recover? Why or why not?

P8-4b dropping unfavorable division based on the following analysis of last year's operations of groves, inc., a financial vice president of the company believes that the firm's total net income could be increased by $160,000 if its design division were discontinued. (amounts are given in the thousands of dollars.) required provide answers for each of the following independent situations: a. assuming that total fixed costs and expenses would not be affected by discontinuing the design division, prepare an analysis showing why you agree or disagree with the vice president. b. assume that the discontinuance of the design division will enable the company to avoid 30% of the fixed portion of cost of services and 40% of the fixed operating expenses allocated to the design division. calculate the resulting effect on net income. c. assume that in addition to the cost avoidance in requirement (b), the capacity released by discontinuance of the design division can be used to provide 6,000 new services that would have a variable cost per service of $60 and would require additional fixed costs totaling $68,000. at what unit price must the new service be sold if groves is to increase its total net income by $180,000?