Research and development costs: a. Generally pertain to activities that occur prior to the start of production.
b. May be expensed or capitalized, at the option of the reporting entity.
c. Must be capitalized and amortized.
d. None of these responses are correct.

b. May be expensed or capitalized, at the option of the reporting entity.

Explanation:

The research and development cost is the cost that are incurred for researching and developing a new product, new process, new project

It may be expense or it may be capitalized. Its totally depend on the management of the firm decisions

Therefore the option b is correct and the same is to be considered

the correct answer is economics is a game without winners or losers.

unlike sports or games economic is a game without losers or winner rather it is a game where everyone wins. parties of business doing businesses exchange money with each other and hence exchange is done on the basis of goods. one party takes the goods and other sales it so there is winner on both sides. each party values more highly the good it gets than the good it gives up. both sides exchange only because both intend to increase their value. so there is no concept of lose or win.

answer; /// egg production using the factory technique falls less than with the free range technique;