What characteristics do these two firms display that qualify them as global enterprises?

The paramount importance of investment in education to provide the skills base upon which an innovation-led economy is based.

•    The value of increasing public and private investment in research and development, with at least 3 percent of GDP generally viewed as a desired target.

•    The importance of establishing a far-thinking national innovation strategy that lays out broad science and technology priorities and a policy framework that addresses the entire ecosystem, including skilled talent, commercialization of research, entrepreneurship, and access to capital. Such national strategies require attention of top political leadership, coordination of government agencies, sustained funding, and collaboration with stakeholders at the regional and local level.

•    An increasingly prominent role for public-private partnership in which industry, academia, and government pool resources to accelerate the translation of new technologies into the marketplace.

•    A recognition that while universities’ primary roles are education and research, they also can serve as powerful engines of economic growth if granted greater freedom to collaborate with industry and to commercialize inventions.

•    Focus on programs to encourage firms to transform basic and applied research into new products and manufacturing processes.

•    Greater policy emphasis on the institutional framework needed to sustain new business creation, such as intellectual property-right protection, competitive tax codes, and an efficient and transparent regulatory bureaucracy.