What is the usual rationale for governments to issue monopoly-promoting licenses to firms providing services such as trash collection

Economies of scale

Explanation:

Economies of scale are the cost advantages i.e the reduction in cost which a company benefits when there is efficiency in production. This is possible when there is a rise in production.

Therefore, the rationale for governments to issue monopoly-promoting licenses to firms providing services such as trash collection is due to economies of scale as this will help in reducing the cost and also allow one main company to do it more efficiently and effectively.

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'

answerall of the above;