Use commercial bank and Federal Reserve Bank balance sheets to demonstrate the immediate effect of each of the following transactions on commercial bank reserves. Assume that the initial reserve ratio is 20 percent. Fill in the new balances in the column in the balance sheets that correspond with each of the following transactions. Consider each transaction separately, not cumulatively. a. Federal Reserve Banks purchase $2 billion worth of securities from banks.
b. Commercial banks borrow $1 billion from Federal Reserve Banks at the discount rate.
c. The Fed reduces the reserve ratio from 20 percent to 19 percent.

Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers in the gray-shaded cells of both tables below.

Following are the explanation of the given points:

Explanation:

In choice (a):

The Fed was expected to purchase securities worth $2 billion, in will consist of up to two billion dollars, which adds the vales $ 40 and $2s equal to $42 billion and it minimizes securities by two billion Dollars (60-2$=58 billion dollars). The reserves required for a demand of 200 billion dollars are $40 billion (= 20% of 200 billion dollars).  

The excess assets are two billion dollars (= 42 billion dollars-40 billion dollars) as well as the financial system will add 10 billion dollars more (= 2 billion dollars x 5) to the supply of money (by lending money).

In choice (b):

The Financial banks are expected to borrow from the Fed $1 billion. In the financial institutions, it can now raise (by loaning money) its supply of cash by 5 billion dollars (= $1 billion * 5).

In choice (c):

The adjustment throughout the reserve ratio doesn't change the balance sheets itself. If either the reserve ratio is assumed reported having reduced from 20% to 19%, then assets required currently stand at $38 billion (= 19% of $200 billion (= 0.19 x 200 = $38 billion), with financial institutions still able to increase their capital (by loans) by $10.53 billion (= $2 billion (1/0.19)). Proof: $210.53 billion 19% is $40 billion.

Following are the attachment of the table: