A 10-year annuity pays $3,100 per month, and payments are made at the end of each month. The interest rate is 10 per cent compounded monthly for the first five years, and 8 per cent compounded monthly thereafter. What is the present value of the annuity?
(Round your answer to 2 decimal places (e. g., 32.16).)

For 2016, gourmet kitchen products reported $22 million of sales and $19 million of operating costs (including depreciation). the company has $15 million of total invested capital. its after-tax cost of capital is 10%, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 36%. what was the firm’s economic value added (eva), that is, how much value did management add to stockholders’ wealth during 2016?