All of the following are part of comprehensive income except: a. realized gains on sale of available-for-sale-securities.
b. unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale-securities.
c. a re-classification adjustment for gains included in net income.
d. all of these answer choices are correct.

d. all of these answer choices are correct

Explanation:

Available for sale securities are held by a firm with the intention of selling it before it reaches its maturity date.

So as not to report on the income statement wrongly, the Unrealized gains(losses) which are any fluctuations from the original price, throughout the Security's lifetime is posted to the Other Comprehensive Income account in the Equity section of the balance sheet. That along with the Realized gains when the security is sold.

Reclassification adjustments are also included to account for the reclassification of a security to either a profit or a loss.

All of the above are correct.

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answer; (d) i believe that the correct answer is ; /// a new invention lowers the cost of production;