All of the potential causes of change can be broken down into two simple categories: inside forces for change—those forces that are internal to the organization; and outside forces for change—those forces that are from the external environment. It’s not always clear when an organization needs to change, but managers can monitor the outside and inside forces for change in order to get clues. This activity is important because understanding and being able to identify these forces is critical to the successful implementation of change programs by managers. The goal of this exercise is to challenge your knowledge of the forces for change outside and inside the organization. Select the correct force for change that each item represents. 1. Age | Outside force: social and political pressures 2. Domestic and international competition Outside force: shareholder, customer, and market changes 3. Reward systems Inside force: managers' behavior 4. Immigration | Outside force: demographic characteristics 5. Productivity ((Click to select) 6. Manufacturing automation 7. Information technology ( (Click to select) 8. Changing customer preferences Outside force: shareholder, customer, and market changes 9. Skill level (Click to select) 10. Job dissatisfaction Inside force: human resources concerns 11. War (Click to select) 12. Structural reorganization Inside force: managers' behavior 13. Leadership of a country | (Click to select) 14. Unmet needs Inside force: human resources concerns 15. Education 15. Education | Outside force: demographic characteristics 16. Absenteeism and turnover ( (Click to select) 17. Gender Outside force: demographic characteristics 18. Participation/suggestions ( (Click to select) 19. Conflict ( Inside force: managers' behavior 20. Mergers and acquisitions Outside force: shareholder, customer, and market changes 21. Values ( (Click to select) 22. Managerial leadership (Click to select)