Businesses, individuals, and governments often need to raise capital, while others have surplus funds. In a well-functioning economy, capital flows efficiently from those with surplus capital to those who need it. Transfers can take place in 3 ways:.
1. indirect, direct transfers without going through any type of financial institution,
2. indirect, direct transfers through investment banks that underwrite the securities, and indirect transfers through financial 3. agencies, intermediaries, funds that create new forms of capital.

Jaguar has full manufacturing costs of their s-type sedan of £22,803. they sell the s-type in the uk with a 20% margin for a price of £27,363. today these cars are available in the us for $55,000 which is the uk price multiplied by the current exchange rate of $2.01/£. jaguar has committed to keeping the us price at $55,000 for the next six months. if the uk pound appreciates against the usd to an exchange rate of $2.15/£, and jaguar has not hedged against currency changes, what is the amount the company will receive in pounds at the new exchange rate?