The current price of a non-dividend-paying biotech stock is $140 with a volatility of 25%. The risk-free rate is 4%. For a three-month time step:

a) What is the percentage up movement?

b) What is the percentage down movement?

c) What is the probability of an up movement in a risk-neutral world?

d) What is the probability of a down movement in a risk-neutral world?

Use a two-step tree to value a six-month European call option and a six-month European put option. In both cases the strike price is $150.

Salvador county issued $25 million of 5% demand bonds for construction of a county maintenance building. the county has no take-out agreement related to the bonds. it estimates that 20% of the bonds would be demanded (called) by the buyers if interest rates increased at least 1%. at year-end rates on comparable debt were 7%. how should these demand bonds be reported in the government-wide financial statements at year-end? a) $25 million in the long-term liability section of the governmental activities column. b) $5 million in the current liability section of the governmental activities column and $20 million in the long-term liabilities section of the governmental activities column. c) $5 million in the governmental activities column and $20 million would be reported in the schedule of changes in long-term debt obligations. d) $25 million in the current liability section of the governmental activities column

Shareholders of tesla recently expressed concerns that elon musk should give up some of his power on tesla's board by appointing two independent directors. which of the following is not a reason why elon musk is perceived to have significant power over tesla's board? 1. he is the founder of the firm and a successful entrepreneur, thus board members may be hesitant to challenge him.2. as the ceo and chairman of the firm he can easily determine what the board should discuss and how it should vote on strategic issues.3. all board members, except for kimbal, have been appointed to the board during elon's tenure.4. many of the firm's directors are outsider investment managers whose interests would not be aligned with those of firms' shareholders.

What are the period and vertical shift of the cosecant function below? period: ; vertical shift: 1 unit up period: ; vertical shift: 2 units up period: ; vertical shift: 1 unit up period: ; vertical shift: 2 units up?