Permian Underground Machines & Pipes Co. (PUMP) is in the oil and gas equipment and services industry. It is considering a new oilfield services operation in the Permian Basin. This project would require an outlay of $50 million.

Suppose that PUMP hires Moody’s to assess the company’s credit quality if it were to issue the bonds. Moody’s advises PUMP that it would rate its bonds as Baa.

Managers at PUMP consider issuing a 10-year bond. Currently, the yield on a U. S. Treasury bond with about 10 years to maturity is 1.46%.

Estimate the required rate of return for the bond that PUMP managers are considering.

a. 1.46%
b. 3.86%
c. 5.40%
d. 8.95%
e. 1.93%

Arguments made against free trade include all of the following exceptdumping is an unfair trade practice that puts domestic producers of substitute goods at a disadvantage that they should be protected against.national defense considerations justify producing certain goods domestically whether the country has a comparative advantage in their production or not.free trade is inflationary and should be restricted in the domestic interest. if foreign governments subsidize their exports, foreign firms that export are given an unfair advantage that domestic producers should be protected against.infant industries should be protected from free trade so that they may have time to develop and compete on an even basis with older, more established foreign industries.