A fixed cost:

a. Requires the future outlay of cash and is relevant for future decision making.

b. Changes with changes in the volume of activity within the relevant range.

c. Is irrelevant for managers’ decision making. Is directly traceable to a cost object.

d. Does not change with changes in the volume of activity within the relevant range

Afirm's before-tax cost of debt, rd, is the interest rate that the firm must pay on debt. because interest is tax deductible, the relevant cost of debt used to calculate a firm's wacc is the cost of debt, rd (1 – t). the cost of debt is used in calculating the wacc because we are interested in maximizing the value of the firm's stock, and the stock price depends on cash flows. it is important to emphasize that the cost of debt is the interest rate on debt, not debt because our primary concern with the cost of capital is its use in capital budgeting decisions. the rate at which the firm has borrowed in the past is because we need to know the cost of capital. for these reasons, the on outstanding debt (which reflects current market conditions) is a better measure of the cost of debt than the . the on the company's -term debt is generally used to calculate the cost of debt because more often than not, the capital is being raised to fund -term projects. quantitative problem: 5 years ago, barton industries issued 25-year noncallable, semiannual bonds with a $1,600 face value and a 8% coupon, semiannual payment ($64 payment every 6 months). the bonds currently sell for $845.87. if the firm's marginal tax rate is 40%, what is the firm's after-tax cost of debt? round your answer to 2 decimal places. do not round intermediate calcu

Why do you think the compensation plans differ at the two firms? in particular, why do you think kaufmann’s pays commissions to salespeople, while parkleigh does not? why does parkleigh offer employees discounts on purchases, while kaufmann’s does not?

Exercise 7-7 martinez company reports the following financial information before adjustments. dr. cr. accounts receivable $168,900 allowance for doubtful accounts $3,200 sales revenue (all on credit) 849,300 sales returns and allowances 50,440 prepare the journal entry to record bad debt expense assuming martinez company estimates bad debts at (a) 4% of accounts receivable and (b) 4% of accounts receivable but allowance for doubtful accounts had a $1,550 debit balance. (if no entry is required, select "no entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. do not indent manually.)