Daylight Corporation's organization chart provides for a controller and an information processing manager, both of whom report to the financial vice-president. Internal control would not be strengthened by: a) Assigning the programming and operating of the computer to an independent control group which reports to the controller b) Providing for maintenance of input data controls by an independent control group which reports to the controller c) Rotating periodically among machine operators the assignments of individual application runs d) Providing for review and distribution of computer output by an independent control group which reports to the controller

Because of the violent nature of the sport, professional american football players are at risk of suffering concussions (or brain injuries) during the violent collisions that occur between players during the game. violent collisions involving hits to the head are particularly risky. suppose the commissioner of the national football league (nfl) institutes a rule requiring players to wear a new, lighter helmet that is designed to reduce head trauma during collisions between players on the field. while the new helmets the probability of a concussion resulting from each individual collision, at the same time the new helmets could also give football players an incentive to play more , which could potentially the amount of violent collisions and thus the number of concussions suffered by nfl players, all else equal.