Jonas is a 60% owner of Ard, an S corporation. At the beginning of the year, his stock basis is zero. Jonas’s basis in a $20,000 loan made to Ard and evidenced by Ard’s note has been reduced to $0 by prior losses. During the year, Jonas’s net share of Ard’s taxable income is $10,000. At the end of the year, Ard makes a $15,000 cash distribution to Jonas. After these transactions, what is Jonas’s basis in his stock, and what is his basis in the debt? What is Jonas’s recognized capital gain?

There is a cost associated with each source of financing. discuss the cost of debt, preferred stock, common stock, and retained earnings in detail. which source of financing is typically less expensive? why? why do financial managers try to determine the optimal capital mix? be specific.

The following selected circumstances relate to pending lawsuits for erismus, inc. erismus’s fiscal year ends on december 31. financial statements are issued in march 2019. erismus prepares its financial statements according to u.s. gaap. required: indicate the amount erismus would record as an asset, liability, or not accrued in the following circumstances. 1. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes the company has a slightly worse than 50/50 chance of eventually prevailing in court, and that if it loses, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 2. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. if it loses, management believes that damages could fall anywhere in the range of $2,000,000 to $4,000,000, with any damage in that range equally likely. 3. erismus is defending against a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. if it loses, management believes that damages will eventually be $5,000,000, with a present value of $3,500,000. 4. erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. erismus's management believes it is probable that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 5. erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. erismus’s management believes it is virtually certain that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $500,000.

Marta communications, inc. has provided incomplete financial statements for the month ended march 31. the controller has asked you to calculate the missing amounts in the incomplete financial statements. use the information included in the excel simulation and the excel functions described below to complete the task