ABC has 1 million shares outstanding, each of which has a price of $ 18. It has made a takeover offer of XYZ Corporation which has 1 million shares outstanding, and a price per share of $ 2.66. Assume that the takeover will occur with certainty and all market participants know this. Furthermore, there are no synergies to merging the two firms. a. Assume ABC made a cash offer to purchase XYZ for $ 3.42 million. What happens to the price of ABC and XYZ on the announcement? What premium over the current market price does this offer represent? b. Assume ABC makes a stock offer with an exchange ratio of 0.19. What happens to the price of ABC and XYZ this time? What premium over the current market price does this offer represent? c. At current market prices, both offers are offers to purchase XYZ for $ 3.42 million. Does that mean that your answers to parts (a) and (b) must be identical? Explain.

(a) New Price of ABC = $17.24. New Price of XYZ = 3.42. Premium = 28.57%

(b) New Price of ABC = $17.36. New Price of XYZ = 3.30. Premium = 24.06%

(c) No since the prices would change relative to the premium offered. In part (b), the premium depends on the new price of ABC. Refer to the explanation below for an in-depth answer

Explanation:

(a) ABC is making a cash offer of $ 3.42 million to completely buyout XYZ Corporation i.e to acquire 100% shareholding which is 1 million shares. To find out the new price of XYZ, all you need to do is divide the amount offered by the number of shares. This is 3.42 Mn/1 Mn. Therefore, ABC is essentially offering $ 3.42 per share and so the new price of XYZ would change to reflect this.

Currently the price of XYZ is $2.66 while the price offered is $3.42. This means that ABC is paying a premium of 28.57% to buy the company (New Price/Old Price - 1). The price of ABC in this case will decrease to reflect this expenditure. The formula to calculate the new price of ABC is simple; Old price of ABC share - (Premium on XYZ share x Old Price of XYZ share) = $18 - (0.2857 x 2.66) = $17.24. Hence, the new price of ABC would be $17.24.

(b) Now, in this scenario, ABC is making a stock offer so to calculate the value of ABC's stock, we will need to look at the combined value of both these entities keeping in mind that the exchange ratio is 0.19. So, the formula is combined value of ABC= (Old Price of ABC + Old Price of XYZ)/ (1+Exchange ratio). Therefore, combined value = (18+2.66)/1.19 which is $17.36. New price of ABC is $17.36.

Similar to part (a), the new price of XYZ would be equal to the amount received by the shareholders per share. This would be calculated as the new price of ABC (since stock offer is announced instead of cash) x exchange ratio = 17.36 x 0.19 = $3.30. The premium in this case would be (using the formula mentioned in part a), 3.30/2.66 - 1 = 24.06%

(c) No, the answers to each part may not be identical. The market will react differently to the stock offer relative to the cash offer. In the stock offer, the market knows that ABC is paying a premium due to which the price of ABC will go down while the price of XYZ will go up. This will lower the amount of premium being offered (as demonstrated in each part above). The premium offered in part b will be lower because the premium depends on the new (lower) price of ABC. This is not the case with the cash offer since in the cash offer, the premium offered does not depend on the new price of XYZ.

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