"The TimpRiders LP has operated a motorcycle dealership for a number of years. Lance is the limited partner, Francesca is the general partner, and they share capital and profits equally. Francesca works full-time managing the partnership. Both the partnership and the partners report on a calendar-year basis. At the start of the current year, Lance and Francesca had bases of $10,000 and $3,000, respectively, and the partnership did not carry any debt. During the current year, the partnership reported the following results from operations:"

Net sales $650,000
Cost of goods sold $500,000
Operating expenses $160,000
Short-term capital loss $2,000
Tax-exempt interest $2,000
§1231 gain $6,000

On the last day of the year, the partnership distributed S3,OOO each to Lance and Francesca.

a. What outside basis do Lance and Francesca have in their partnership interests at the end of the year?
b. How much of their losses are currently not deductible by Lance and Francesca because of the tax basis limitation?
c. To what extent does the passive activity loss limitation apply in restricting their deductible losses for the year?