In 20X2, the Robinson Company switched its inventory method from FIFO to average cost. Inventories at the end of 20X1 were reported in the balance sheet at $22 million. If the average cost method had been used, 20X1 ending inventory would have been $20 million. The company's tax rate is 25%. The adjustment to 20X2’s beginning retained earnings would be:

Suppose that a major city’s main thoroughfare, which is also an interstate highway, will be completely closed to traffic for two years, from january 2014 to december 2015, for reconstruction at a cost of $535 million. if the construction company were to keep the highway open for traffic during construction, the highway reconstruction project would take much longer and be more expensive. suppose that construction would take four years if the highway were kept open, at a total cost of $800 million. the state department of transportation had to make its decision in 2014, one year before the start of construction (so that the first payment was one year away). so the department of transportation had the following choices: (i) close the highway during construction, at an annual cost of $267.5 million per year for two years. (ii) keep the highway open during construction, at an annual cost of $200 million per year for four years. now suppose the interest rate is 80%. calculate the present value of the costs incurred under each plan.

Tubby toys estimates that its new line of rubber ducks will generate sales of $7.60 million, operating costs of $4.60 million, and a depreciation expense of $1.60 million. if the tax rate is 35%, what is the firm’s operating cash flow? (enter your answer in millions rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Ocean co. has paid a dividend $2 per share out of earnings of $4 per share. if the book value per share is $25, what is the expected growth rate in dividends (g)?