Defining the middle class in the U. S. has always been a challenge. What has been adding to the challenge in recent years?

a. the global shrinkage of the middle class
b. the failing economy
c. the geographic shift from metropolitans to the suburbs
c. the fact that luxury and technological products are becoming more affordable
d. the expansion of educational opportunity

Amanufacturing firm is considering overhauling the existing compensation strategy. currently every front line employee who works on the assembly line earns the same hourly wage. ideally, management would like to institute a new pay system that involves pay-for-performance. which of the following recommendations is both consistent with scientific management's general emphases and generally good advice for management of this firma. the firm should adopt a differential pay system with one pay level for average performance, and a higher level for good performance. b. the firm should adopt a differential pay system, but the firm should modify it from its original design and provide many different levels of pay associated with different performance levels. c. the firm should understand worker psychology and to focus on pay as the key motivator. d. all of the abovee. none of the above