Technological disruption: a. mostly affects the new entrants. b. is a problem primarily in embryonic industries. c. is typically a temporary phase lasting a few months. d. compels firms to adopt new business models. e. occurs when the manufacturing plants of a company fail.

d. compels firms to adopt new business models    

Explanation:

A disruption is termed as something that adversely affects or hampers or halts growth or operation of something.

Technological disruption in an organizational context means, technological up-gradation owing to which those who possess such a technology thrive, while those who do not, are adversely affected momentarily.

Business environment is dynamic, so a chosen business model, with no room for modification, cannot be consistently applied in every situation. As per the situational demand, such models also require modification or replacement so as to cope better with the emerging situation.

So in case of a technological disruption, a firm has to find a way to adapt itself to such a change and use it's resources in a manner that it can match the situational requirements and procure technologically advanced machines at the earliest, in order to survive and withstand competition.

urban company reports the following information regarding its production cost: units produced 37,000 units direct labor $ 30 per unit direct materials $ 35 per unit variable overhead $ 237,000 in total fixed overhead $ 127,000 in total

answer; (c) communism and socialism;