Informal institutions are composed of sets of:

A. voluntary agreements.
B. mandatory agreements, a bit like the mind's software.
C. agreements that are for the most part written and taken for granted.
D. orthodox accords whose goal is to establish rigor.

Investment x offers to pay you $5,700 per year for 9 years, whereas investment y offers to pay you $8,300 per year for 5 years. if the discount rate is 6 percent, what is the present value of these cash flows? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) present value investment x $ investment y $ if the discount rate is 16 percent, what is the present value of these cash flows? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) present value investment x $ investment y

Carlton industries is considering a new project that they plan to price at $74.00 per unit. the variable costs are estimated at $39.22 per unit and total fixed costs are estimated at $12,085. the initial investment required is $8,000 and the project has an estimated life of 4 years. the firm requires a return of 8 percent. ignore the effect of taxes. what is the degree of operating leverage at the financial break-even level of output?

China's new 5 percent tax on disposable wooden chopsticks, reflecting concerns about deforestation, has been praised by environmentalists. the move is hitting hard at the japanese, who consume 25 billion set of wooden chopsticks annually. almost all of the chopsticks used in japan come from china. the reuirements for chinese manufacturers of wooden chopsticks to pay the 5 percent tax is a factor in their external environment.